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1.
Chinese Critical Care Medicine ; (12): 707-713, 2023.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-982659

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE@#To develop and validate a mechanical power (MP)-oriented nomogram prediction model of weaning failure in mechanically ventilated patients.@*METHODS@#Patients who underwent invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) for more than 24 hours and were weaned using a T-tube ventilation strategy were collected from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care-IV v1.0 (MIMIC-IV v1.0) database. Demographic information and comorbidities, respiratory mechanics parameters 4 hours before the first spontaneous breathing trial (SBT), laboratory parameters preceding the SBT, vital signs and blood gas analysis during SBT, length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay and IMV duration were collected and all eligible patients were enrolled into the model group. Lasso method was used to screen the risk factors affecting weaning outcomes, which were included in the multivariate Logistic regression analysis. R software was used to construct the nomogram prediction model and build the dynamic web page nomogram. The discrimination and accuracy of the nomogram were assessed by receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC curve) and calibration curves, and the clinical validity was assessed by decision curve analysis (DCA). The data of patients undergoing mechanical ventilation hospitalized in ICU of the First People's Hospital of Lianyungang City and the Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang City from November 2021 to October 2022 were prospectively collected to externally validate the model.@*RESULTS@#A total of 3 695 mechanically ventilated patients were included in the model group, and the weaning failure rate was 38.5% (1 421/3 695). Lasso regression analysis finally screened out six variables, including positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), MP, dynamic lung compliance (Cdyn), inspired oxygen concentration (FiO2), length of ICU stay and IMV duration, with coefficients of 0.144, 0.047, -0.032, 0.027, 0.090 and 0.098, respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that the six variables were all independent risk factors for predicting weaning failure risk [odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were 1.155 (1.111-1.200), 1.048 (1.031-1.066), 0.968 (0.963-0.974), 1.028 (1.017-1.038), 1.095 (1.076-1.113), and 1.103 (1.070-1.137), all P < 0.01]. The MP-oriented nomogram prediction model of weaning failure in mechanically ventilated patients showed accurate discrimination both in the model group and external validation group, with area under the ROC curve (AUC) and 95%CI of 0.832 (0.819-0.845) and 0.879 (0.833-0.925), respectively. Furthermore, its predictive accuracy was significantly higher than that of individual indicators such as MP, Cdyn, and PEEP. Calibration curves showed good correlation between predicted and observed outcomes. DCA indicated that the nomogram model had high net benefits, and was clinically beneficial.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The MP-oriented nomogram prediction model of weaning failure accurately predicts the risk of weaning failure in mechanical ventilation patients and provides valuable information for clinicians making decisions on weaning.


Subject(s)
Humans , Respiration, Artificial/methods , Ventilator Weaning/methods , Nomograms , Lung , Risk Factors
2.
J. bras. pneumol ; 46(4): e20190005, 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1090817

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to describe practices for weaning from mechanical ventilation (MV), in terms of the use of protocols, methods, and criteria, in pediatric ICUs (PICUs), neonatal ICUs (NICUs), and mixed neonatal/pediatric ICUs (NPICUs) in Brazil. Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey carried out by sending an electronic questionnaire to a total of 298 NICUs, PICUs, and NPICUs throughout Brazil. Results: Completed questionnaires were assessed for 146 hospitals, NICUs accounting for 49.3% of the questionnaires received, whereas PICUs and NPICUs accounted for 35.6% and 15.1%, respectively. Weaning protocols were applied in 57.5% of the units. In the NICUs and NPICUs that used weaning protocols, the method of MV weaning most commonly employed (in 60.5% and 50.0%, respectively) was standardized gradual withdrawal from ventilatory support, whereas that employed in most (53.0%) of the PICUs was spontaneous breathing trial (SBT). During the SBTs, the most common ventilation mode, in all ICUs, was pressure-support ventilation (10.03 ± 3.15 cmH2O) with positive end-expiratory pressure. The mean SBT duration was 35.76 ± 29.03 min in the NICUs, compared with 76.42 ± 41.09 min in the PICUs. The SBT parameters, weaning ventilation modes, and time frame considered for extubation failure were not found to be dependent on the age profile of the ICU population. The findings of the clinical evaluation and arterial blood gas analysis are frequently used as criteria to assess readiness for extubation, regardless of the age group served by the ICU. Conclusions: In Brazil, the clinical practices for weaning from MV and extubation appear to vary depending on the age group served by the ICU. It seems that weaning protocols and SBTs are used mainly in PICUs, whereas gradual withdrawal from ventilatory support is more widely used in NICUs and NPICUs.


RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever as práticas de desmame da ventilação mecânica (VM), quanto ao uso de protocolos, métodos e critérios, em UTIs pediátricas (UTIPs), neonatais (UTINs) e mistas - neonatais e pediátricas (UTINPs) - no Brasil. Métodos: Estudo transversal, tipo inquérito, realizado por meio do envio de questionário eletrônico a 298 UTINs, UTIPs e UTINPs de todo o país. Resultados: Foram avaliados 146 questionários respondidos (49,3% recebidos de UTINs, 35,6%, de UTIPs e 15,1%, de UTINPs). Das unidades pesquisadas, 57,5% aplicavam protocolos de desmame. Nas UTINs e UTINPs que utilizavam esses protocolos, o método de desmame da VM mais empregado (em 60,5% e 50,0%, respectivamente) foi a redução gradual padronizada do suporte ventilatório, enquanto o empregado na maioria (53,0%) das UTIPs foi o teste de respiração espontânea (TRE). Durante o TRE, o modo ventilatório predominante em todas as UTIs foi a ventilação com pressão de suporte (10,03 ± 3,15 cmH2O) com pressão expiratória final positiva. A duração média do TRE foi de 35,76 ± 29,03 min nas UTINs, contra 76,42 ± 41,09 min nas UTIPs. Os parâmetros do TRE, modos ventilatórios de desmame e tempo considerado para falha de extubação não se mostraram dependentes do perfil etário da população das UTIs. Os resultados da avaliação clínica e da gasometria arterial são frequentemente utilizados como critérios para avaliar a prontidão para extubação, independentemente da faixa etária atendida pela UTI. Conclusões: No Brasil, a prática clínica na condução do desmame da VM e extubação varia de acordo com a faixa etária atendida pela UTI. Protocolos de desmame e o TRE são utilizados principalmente nas UTIPs, enquanto a redução gradual do suporte ventilatório é mais utilizada nas UTINs e UTINPs.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Child , Respiration, Artificial/methods , Intensive Care Units, Pediatric/standards , Ventilator Weaning/methods , Respiration, Artificial/statistics & numerical data , Respiratory Insufficiency/therapy , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Health Care Surveys
3.
Rev. bras. ter. intensiva ; 30(3): 294-300, jul.-set. 2018. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-977965

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Objetivo: Determinar los factores de riesgo para fracaso en la extubación en la unidad de cuidados intensivos. Métodos: El presente estudio de casos y controles se llevó a cabo en la unidad de cuidados intensivos. Se tomó como casos a las extubaciones fallidas y como controles a las extubaciones exitosas. El fracaso de la extubación se definió como la reintubación dentro de las primeras 48 horas. Resultados: De un total de 956 pacientes que fueron admitidos en la unidad de cuidados intensivos, 826 fueron sometidos a ventilación mecánica (86%). Se presentaron 30 extubaciones fallidas y 120 extubaciones exitosas. La proporción de extubaciones fallidas fue de 5,32%. Los factores de riesgo encontrados para extubaciones fallidas fueron la estancia prolongada de ventilación mecánica mayor a 7 días (OR = 3,84; IC95% = 1,01 - 14,56; p = 0,04), el tiempo en unidad de cuidados intensivos (OR = 1,04; IC95% = 1,00 - 1,09; p = 0,03) y el uso de sedantes mayor a 5 días (OR = 4,81; IC95% = 1,28 - 18,02; p = 0,02). Conclusión: Los pacientes pediátricos en ventilación mecánica tienen más riesgo de presentar extubaciones fallidas si permanecen mayor tiempo en unidad de cuidados intensivos, si están sometidos a tiempo prolongado de ventilación mecánica mayor de 7 días y al uso de sedantes.


ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the risk factors for extubation failure in the intensive care unit. Methods: The present case-control study was conducted in an intensive care unit. Failed extubations were used as cases, while successful extubations were used as controls. Extubation failure was defined as reintubation being required within the first 48 hours of extubation. Results: Out of a total of 956 patients who were admitted to the intensive care unit, 826 were subjected to mechanical ventilation (86%). There were 30 failed extubations and 120 successful extubations. The proportion of failed extubations was 5.32%. The risk factors found for failed extubations were a prolonged length of mechanical ventilation of greater than 7 days (OR = 3.84, 95%CI = 1.01 - 14.56, p = 0.04), time in the intensive care unit (OR = 1.04, 95%CI = 1.00 - 1.09, p = 0.03) and the use of sedatives for longer than 5 days (OR = 4.81, 95%CI = 1.28 - 18.02; p = 0.02). Conclusion: Pediatric patients on mechanical ventilation were at greater risk of failed extubation if they spent more time in the intensive care unit and if they were subjected to prolonged mechanical ventilation (longer than 7 days) or greater amounts of sedative use.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Respiration, Artificial/methods , Ventilator Weaning/methods , Airway Extubation/methods , Intubation, Intratracheal/methods , Time Factors , Case-Control Studies , Risk Factors , Treatment Failure , Hypnotics and Sedatives/administration & dosage , Intensive Care Units , Length of Stay
4.
J. bras. pneumol ; 43(3): 183-189, May-June 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-893839

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the usefulness of simple motor tasks such as hand grasping and tongue protrusion as predictors of extubation failure in critically ill neurological patients. Methods: This was a prospective cohort study conducted in the neurological ICU of a tertiary care hospital in the city of Porto Alegre, Brazil. Adult patients who had been intubated for neurological reasons and were eligible for weaning were included in the study. The ability of patients to perform simple motor tasks such as hand grasping and tongue protrusion was evaluated as a predictor of extubation failure. Data regarding duration of mechanical ventilation, length of ICU stay, length of hospital stay, mortality, and incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia were collected. Results: A total of 132 intubated patients who had been receiving mechanical ventilation for at least 24 h and who passed a spontaneous breathing trial were included in the analysis. Logistic regression showed that patient inability to grasp the hand of the examiner (relative risk = 1.57; 95% CI: 1.01-2.44; p < 0.045) and protrude the tongue (relative risk = 6.84; 95% CI: 2.49-18.8; p < 0.001) were independent risk factors for extubation failure. Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scores (p = 0.02), Glasgow Coma Scale scores at extubation (p < 0.001), eye opening response (p = 0.001), MIP (p < 0.001), MEP (p = 0.006), and the rapid shallow breathing index (p = 0.03) were significantly different between the failed extubation and successful extubation groups. Conclusions: The inability to follow simple motor commands is predictive of extubation failure in critically ill neurological patients. Hand grasping and tongue protrusion on command might be quick and easy bedside tests to identify neurocritical care patients who are candidates for extubation.


RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a utilidade de tarefas motoras simples, tais como preensão de mão e protrusão da língua, para predizer extubação malsucedida em pacientes neurológicos críticos. Métodos: Estudo prospectivo de coorte realizado na UTI neurológica de um hospital terciário em Porto Alegre (RS). Pacientes adultos que haviam sido intubados por motivos neurológicos e que eram candidatos ao desmame foram incluídos no estudo. O estudo avaliou se a capacidade dos pacientes de realizar tarefas motoras simples como apertar as mãos do examinador e pôr a língua para fora seria um preditor de extubação malsucedida. Foram coletados dados referentes ao tempo de ventilação mecânica, tempo de internação na UTI, tempo de internação hospitalar, mortalidade e incidência de pneumonia associada à ventilação mecânica. Resultados: Foram incluídos na análise 132 pacientes intubados que haviam recebido ventilação mecânica durante pelo menos 24 h e que passaram no teste de respiração espontânea. A regressão logística mostrou que a incapacidade dos pacientes de apertar a mão do examinador (risco relativo = 1,57; IC95%: 1,01-2,44; p < 0,045) e de pôr a língua para fora (risco relativo = 6,84; IC95%: 2,49-18,8; p < 0,001) foram fatores independentes de risco de extubação malsucedida. Houve diferenças significativas entre os pacientes nos quais a extubação foi malsucedida e aqueles nos quais a extubação foi bem-sucedida quanto à pontuação obtida no Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (p = 0,02), pontuação obtida na Escala de Coma de Glasgow no momento da extubação (p < 0,001), abertura dos olhos em resposta ao comando (p = 0,001), PImáx (p < 0,001), PEmáx (p = 0,006) e índice de respiração rápida e superficial (p = 0,03). Conclusões: A incapacidade de obedecer a comandos motores simples é preditora de extubação malsucedida em pacientes neurológicos críticos. Preensão de mão e protrusão da língua em resposta ao comando podem ser testes rápidos e fáceis realizados à beira do leito para identificar pacientes neurológicos críticos que sejam candidatos à extubação.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Airway Extubation/methods , Nervous System Diseases/physiopathology , Nervous System Diseases/therapy , Ventilator Weaning/methods , Critical Illness , Hand Strength/physiology , Intensive Care Units , Length of Stay , Logistic Models , Predictive Value of Tests , Prospective Studies , Reproducibility of Results , Risk Assessment/methods , Risk Factors , Task Performance and Analysis , Tongue/physiopathology
5.
Einstein (Säo Paulo) ; 15(2): 162-166, Apr.-June 2017. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-891374

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective To assess whether the spontaneous breathing test can predict the extubation failure in pediatric population. Methods A prospective and observational study that evaluated data of inpatients at the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit between May 2011 and August 2013, receiving mechanical ventilation for at least 24 hours followed by extubation. The patients were classified in two groups: Test Group, with patients extubated after spontaneous breathing test, and Control Group, with patients extubated without spontaneous breathing test. Results A total of 95 children were enrolled in the study, 71 in the Test Group and 24 in the Control Group. A direct comparison was made between the two groups regarding sex, age, mechanical ventilation time, indication to start mechanical ventilation and respiratory parameters before extubation in the Control Group, and before the spontaneous breathing test in the Test Group. There was no difference between the parameters evaluated. According to the analysis of probability of extubation failure between the two groups, the likelihood of extubation failure in the Control Group was 1,412 higher than in the Test Group, nevertheless, this range did not reach significance (p=0.706). This model was considered well-adjusted according to the Hosmer-Lemeshow test (p=0.758). Conclusion The spontaneous breathing test was not able to predict the extubation failure in pediatric population.


RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar se o teste de respiração espontânea pode ser utilizado para predizer falha da extubação na população pediátrica. Métodos Estudo prospectivo, observacional, no qual foram avaliados todos os pacientes internados no Centro de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica, no período de maio de 2011 a agosto de 2013, que utilizaram ventilação mecânica por mais de 24 horas e que foram extubados. Os pacientes foram classificados em dois grupos: Grupo Teste, que incluiu os pacientes extubados depois do teste de respiração espontânea; e Grupo Controle, pacientes foram sem teste de respiração espontânea. Resultados Dos 95 pacientes incluídos no estudo, 71 crianças eram do Grupo Teste e 24 eram do Grupo Controle. Os grupos foram comparados em relação a: sexo, idade, tempo de ventilação mecânica, indicação para início da ventilação mecânica e parâmetros ventilatórios pré-extubação, no Grupo Controle, e pré-realização do teste, no Grupo Teste. Não foram observadas diferenças entre os parâmetros analisados. Em relação à análise da probabilidade de falha da extubação entre os dois grupos de estudo, a chance de falha do Grupo Controle foi 1.412 maior do que a das crianças do Grupo Teste, porém este acréscimo não foi significativo (p=0,706). O modelo foi considerado bem ajustado de acordo com o teste de Hosmer-Lemeshow (p=0,758). Conclusão O teste de respiração espontânea para a população pediátrica não foi capaz de prever a falha da extubação.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Respiration, Artificial/methods , Respiratory Function Tests/methods , Intensive Care Units, Pediatric/statistics & numerical data , Ventilator Weaning/methods , Predictive Value of Tests , Prospective Studies
6.
São Paulo med. j ; 135(3): 302-308, May-June 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-904072

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT CONTEXT: Today, through major technological advances in diagnostic resources within medicine, evaluation and monitoring of clinical parameters at the patient's bedside in intensive care units (ICUs) has become possible. CASE REPORT: This case report presents results and interpretations from predictive mechanical ventilation weaning indexes obtained through monitoring using chest electrical bioimpedance tomography. These indexes included maximum inspiratory pressure, maximum expiratory pressure, shallow breathing index and spontaneous breathing test. These were correlated with variations in tidal volume variables, respiratory rate, mean arterial pressure and peripheral oxygen saturation. Regarding the air distribution behavior in the pulmonary parenchyma, the patient showed the pendelluft phenomenon. Pendelluft occurs due to the time constant (product of the airways resistance and compliance) asymmetry between adjacent lung. CONCLUSION: Bioelectrical impedance tomography can help in weaning from mechanical ventilation, as in the case presented here. Pendelluft was defined as a limitation during the weaning tests.


RESUMO CONTEXTO: Atualmente, com o grande avanço tecnológico em recursos para diagnósticos em medicina, a avaliação e a monitorização de parâmetros clínicos à beira leito de paciente em unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI) se tornou possível. RELATO DE CASO: Neste relato de caso, apresentam-se os resultados e a interpretação de índices preditivos de desmame da ventilação mecânica obtidos pela tomografia de bioimpedância elétrica torácica. Esses índices incluíram a pressão inspiratória máxima, pressão expiratória máxima, índice de respiração superficial e teste de respiração espontânea. Estes estavam correlacionados com as variações de volume corrente, frequência respiratória, pressão arterial média e saturação periférica de oxigênio. Quanto ao comportamento da distribuição de ar no parênquima pulmonar, o paciente apresentou o fenômeno pendelluft. O pendelluft ocorre dado pela constante de tempo (produto da resistência e complacência das vias aéreas) de forma assimétrica entre as unidades pulmonares adjacentes. CONCLUSÃO: A tomografia de bioimpedância pode auxiliar no desmame da ventilação mecânica, como no caso apresentado. Pendelluft foi definido como limitação durante a execução dos testes para desmame.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged , Tomography/methods , Ventilator Weaning/methods , Pulmonary Gas Exchange/physiology , Electric Impedance , Point-of-Care Systems , Lung/physiopathology , Reference Values , Respiration, Artificial/adverse effects , Respiratory Function Tests , Time Factors , Predictive Value of Tests , Reproducibility of Results
7.
Rev. bras. ter. intensiva ; 29(2): 213-221, abr.-jun. 2017. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-899502

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a viabilidade do uso de índices derivados do sinal de eletromiografia de superfície para predizer desfechos do processo de desmame em pacientes mecanicamente ventilados após cirurgia cardíaca. Métodos: Foram incluídos dez pacientes em pós-operatório de cirurgia cardiovascular que não cumpriram os critérios para extubação precoce. Os sinais da eletromiografia de superfície foram registrados, assim como as variáveis ventilatórias durante o processo de desmame, sendo o momento do procedimento determinado pela equipe médica, segundo sua experiência. Avaliaram-se diversos índices da atividade dos músculos respiratórios obtidos a partir da eletromiografia de superfície com uso de técnicas de processamento lineares e não lineares. Compararam-se dois grupos: pacientes com e sem sucesso no desmame. Resultados: Os índices obtidos permitiram estimar a atividade diafragmática de cada paciente, demonstrando uma correlação entre atividade elevada e falha do teste de desmame. Conclusão: A eletromiografia de superfície está se tornando um procedimento promissor para avaliar as condições de pacientes ventilados mecanicamente, mesmo em condições complexas, como as que envolvem aqueles após cirurgia cardiovascular.


ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the feasibility of surface electromyographic signal derived indexes for the prediction of weaning outcomes among mechanically ventilated subjects after cardiac surgery. Methods: A sample of 10 postsurgical adult subjects who received cardiovascular surgery that did not meet the criteria for early extubation were included. Surface electromyographic signals from diaphragm and ventilatory variables were recorded during the weaning process, with the moment determined by the medical staff according to their expertise. Several indexes of respiratory muscle expenditure from surface electromyography using linear and non-linear processing techniques were evaluated. Two groups were compared: successfully and unsuccessfully weaned patients. Results: The obtained indexes allow estimation of the diaphragm activity of each subject, showing a correlation between high expenditure and weaning test failure. Conclusion: Surface electromyography is becoming a promising procedure for assessing the state of mechanically ventilated patients, even in complex situations such as those that involve a patient after cardiovascular surgery.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Aged , Respiration, Artificial/methods , Ventilator Weaning/methods , Electromyography/methods , Cardiac Surgical Procedures , Diaphragm/physiology , Pilot Projects , Feasibility Studies , Airway Extubation , Middle Aged
8.
Rev. bras. ter. intensiva ; 29(1): 23-33, jan.-mar. 2017. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-844280

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo: Examinar as características clínicas, o padrão de desmame e o desfecho de pacientes que necessitaram de ventilação mecânica por tempo prolongado em uma unidade de terapia intensiva em um país com recursos financeiros limitados. Métodos: Estudo prospectivo observacional em centro único, realizado na Índia, no qual todos os pacientes adultos que necessitaram de ventilação mecânica prolongada foram acompanhados quanto a duração e padrão do desmame, e à sobrevivência, tanto por ocasião da alta da unidade de terapia intensiva quanto após 12 meses. A definição de ventilação mecânica prolongada adotada foi a do consenso da National Association for Medical Direction of Respiratory Care. Resultados: Durante o período de 1 ano, 49 pacientes com média de idade de 49,7 anos receberam ventilação mecânica prolongada; 63% deles eram do sexo masculino e 84% tinham uma enfermidade de natureza clínica. As medianas dos escores APACHE II e SOFA quando da admissão foram, respectivamente, 17 e 9. O tempo mediano de ventilação foi 37 dias. A razão mais comum para início da ventilação foi insuficiência respiratória secundária à sepse (67%). O desmame foi iniciado em 39 (79,5%) pacientes, com sucesso em 34 deles (87%). A duração mediana do desmame foi de 14 (9,5 - 19) dias, e o tempo mediano de permanência na unidade de terapia intensiva foi 39 (32 - 58,5) dias. A duração do suporte com vasopressores e a necessidade de hemodiálise foram preditores independentes significantes de insucesso no desmame. No acompanhamento após 12 meses, 65% dos pacientes sobreviveram. Conclusão: Mais de um quarto dos pacientes com ventilação invasiva na unidade de terapia intensiva necessitaram de ventilação mecânica prolongada. Os desmames foram bem-sucedido em dois terços dos pacientes, e a maioria deles sobreviveu até o acompanhamento após 12 meses.


ABSTRACT Objective: This study aimed to examine the clinical characteristics, weaning pattern, and outcome of patients requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation in acute intensive care unit settings in a resource-limited country. Methods: This was a prospective single-center observational study in India, where all adult patients requiring prolonged ventilation were followed for weaning duration and pattern and for survival at both intensive care unit discharge and at 12 months. The definition of prolonged mechanical ventilation used was that of the National Association for Medical Direction of Respiratory Care. Results: During the one-year period, 49 patients with a mean age of 49.7 years had prolonged ventilation; 63% were male, and 84% had a medical illness. The median APACHE II and SOFA scores on admission were 17 and 9, respectively. The median number of ventilation days was 37. The most common reason for starting ventilation was respiratory failure secondary to sepsis (67%). Weaning was initiated in 39 (79.5%) patients, with success in 34 (87%). The median weaning duration was 14 (9.5 - 19) days, and the median length of intensive care unit stay was 39 (32 - 58.5) days. Duration of vasopressor support and need for hemodialysis were significant independent predictors of unsuccessful ventilator liberation. At the 12-month follow-up, 65% had survived. Conclusion: In acute intensive care units, more than one-fourth of patients with invasive ventilation required prolonged ventilation. Successful weaning was achieved in two-thirds of patients, and most survived at the 12-month follow-up.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Aged , Respiration, Artificial/methods , Respiratory Insufficiency/therapy , Ventilator Weaning/methods , Intensive Care Units , Patient Discharge , Respiratory Insufficiency/etiology , Time Factors , Survival Rate , Prospective Studies , Follow-Up Studies , Renal Dialysis , Outcome Assessment, Health Care , Sepsis/complications , APACHE , India , Length of Stay , Middle Aged
9.
Neumol. pediátr. (En línea) ; 12(1): 28-33, ene. 2017. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-869153

ABSTRACT

Despite the advances in intensive care treatment, pediatric weaning still has the art as an important component. As a difference from the adults, there are no confidential predictors index or protocols that replace clinical judgement. Two types of failure are mentioned: weaning and extubation failure. The last one, with a rate ranges from 4.1 to 19 percent, show association with age, mechanical ventilation time and in a minor proportion, sedatives quantity and time of use. Upper airway obstruction have been described as the most important single cause of extubation failure. As in weaning, we still don’t have precise predict tests and criteria, but some of them could help in the extubation decision.


A pesar de los avances en cuidados intensivos, el weaning pediátrico aún tiene un componente importante de arte. A diferencia de los adultos, aún no contamos con índices predictores o protocolos precisos y confiables, que ofrezcan algún aporte que supere el juicio clínico. Se distinguen 2 tipos de falla: weaning, previo a la extubación, y la de extubación. Esta última, con un rango entre 4.1 -19 por ciento, muestra asociación con edad, tiempo de ventilación mecánica y en menor cuantía, al tiempo y cantidad de sedantes utilizados. Como elemento causal único de mayor importancia se describe a la obstrucción de la vía aérea alta. Al igual que en el weaning, aún no contamos con criterios y pruebas predictivas precisos, pero algunos elementos pueden ayudar a la toma de decisiones.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Ventilator Weaning/methods , Ventilator Weaning/standards , Respiration, Artificial/methods , Clinical Protocols , Ventilator Weaning/adverse effects
10.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 66(6): 572-576, Nov.-Dec. 2016. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-829705

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background and objectives: This study compared the rates of acute respiratory failure, reintubation, length of intensive care stay and mortality in patients in whom the non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV) was applied instead of the routine venturi face mask (VM) application after a successful weaning. Methods: Following the approval of the hospital ethics committee, 62 patients who were under mechanical ventilation for at least 48 hours were scheduled for this study. 12 patients were excluded because of the weaning failure during T-tube trial. The patients who had optimum weaning criteria after the T-tube trial of 30 minutes were extubated. The patients were kept on VM for 1 hour to observe the hemodynamic and respiratory stability. The group of 50 patients who were successful to wean randomly allocated to have either VM (n = 25), or NIV (n = 25). Systolic arterial pressure (SAP), heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), PaO2, PCO2, and pH values were recorded. Results: The number of patients who developed respiratory failure in the NIV group was significantly less than VM group of patients (3 reintubation vs. 14 NIV + 5 reintubation in the VM group). The length of stay in the ICU was also significantly shorter in NIV group (5.2 ± 4.9 vs. 16.7 ± 7.7 days). Conclusions: The ratio of the respiratory failure and the length of stay in the ICU were lower when non-invasive mechanical ventilation was used after extubation even if the patient is regarded as ‘successfully weaned’. We recommend the use of NIMV in such patients to avoid unexpected ventilator failure.


Resumo Justificativa e objetivos: Este estudo comparou as taxas de insuficiência respiratória aguda, reintubação, tempo de internação em UTI e mortalidade em pacientes sob ventilação mecânica não invasiva (VMNI) em vez da habitual máscara facial de Venturi (MV) após desmame bem-sucedido. Métodos: Após a aprovação do Comitê de Ética do hospital, 62 pacientes que estavam sob ventilação mecânica por no mínimo 48 horas foram inscritos neste estudo. Doze foram excluídos devido à falha de desmame durante o teste de tubo-T. Os que apresentaram critérios de desmame ótimos após o teste de tubo-T de 30 minutos foram extubados. Foram mantidos em MV por uma hora para observação da estabilidade hemodinâmica e respiratória. O grupo de 50 pacientes que obtiveram sucesso no desmame ventilatório foi alocado aleatoriamente para MV (n = 25) ou VNI (n = 25). Os valores de pressão arterial sistólica (PAS), frequência cardíaca (FC), frequência respiratória (FR), PaO2, PCO2 e pH foram registrados. Resultados: O número de pacientes que desenvolveu insuficiência respiratória no grupo VNI foi significativamente menor do que o do grupo MV (3 reintubações vs. 14 VNI + 5 reintubações no grupo MV). O tempo de permanência em UTI também foi significativamente menor no grupo NIV (5,2 ± 4,9 vs. 16,7 ± 7,7 dias). Conclusões: As taxas de insuficiência respiratória e do tempo de permanência em UTI foram menores quando a ventilação mecânica não invasiva foi usada após a extubação, mesmo se o paciente foi considerado como “desmame bem-sucedido”. Recomendamos o uso de VMNI em tais pacientes para evitar a falha inesperada do ventilador.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Respiration, Artificial/methods , Ventilator Weaning/methods , Noninvasive Ventilation/instrumentation , Noninvasive Ventilation/methods , Respiration, Artificial/mortality , Respiratory Insufficiency/etiology , Respiratory Insufficiency/prevention & control , Respiratory Insufficiency/epidemiology , Ventilator Weaning/mortality , Critical Care/statistics & numerical data , Noninvasive Ventilation/mortality , Intubation, Intratracheal/statistics & numerical data , Longevity , Masks , Middle Aged
11.
Rev. bras. cir. cardiovasc ; 30(6): 605-609, Nov.-Dec. 2015. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-774542

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To test several weaning predictors as determinants of successful extubation after elective cardiac surgery. METHODS: The study was conducted at a tertiary hospital with 100 adult patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery from September to December 2014. We recorded demographic, clinical and surgical data, plus the following predictive indexes: static compliance (Cstat), tidal volume (Vt), respiratory rate (f), f/ Vt ratio, arterial partial oxygen pressure to fraction of inspired oxygen ratio (PaO2/FiO2), and the integrative weaning index (IWI). Extubation was considered successful when there was no need for reintubation within 48 hours. Sensitivity (SE), specificity (SP), positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), positive likelihood ratio (LR+), and negative likelihood ratio (LR-) were used to evaluate each index. RESULTS: The majority of the patients were male (60%), with mean age of 55.4±14.9 years and low risk of death (62%), according to InsCor. All of the patients were successfully extubated. Tobin Index presented the highest SE (0.99) and LR+ (0.99), followed by IWI (SE=0.98; LR+ =0.98). Other scores, such as SP, NPV and LR-were nullified due to lack of extubation failure. CONCLUSION: All of the weaning predictors tested in this sample of patients submitted to elective cardiac surgery showed high sensitivity, highlighting f/Vt and IWI.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Heart Valves/surgery , Respiration, Artificial/methods , Ventilator Weaning/statistics & numerical data , Airway Extubation , Elective Surgical Procedures/statistics & numerical data , Likelihood Functions , Postoperative Period , Predictive Value of Tests , Prospective Studies , Sensitivity and Specificity , Tidal Volume/physiology , Ventilator Weaning/methods
13.
Med. infant ; 21(3): 244-247, Sept.2014. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-914445

ABSTRACT

La mejor estrategia en el post-quirúrgico de cardiopatías congénitas para promover la extubación precoz y destete de asistencia respiratoria mecánica (ARM) con ventilación no invasiva (VNI) todavía no ha sido establecida. El objetivo es comparar eficacia de la presión positiva continua en la vía aérea (CPAP) vs presión positiva con dos niveles en la vía aérea (BIPAP) en la extubación electiva de estos pacientes. Es un estudio prospectivo entre el 1 de junio de 2008 y 31 marzo de 2010. Se randomizaron los pacientes para extubación electiva: modo CPAP o BIPAP. Se registraron datos demográficos y del procedimiento quirúrgico, entre otros. El fracaso de VNI fue definido como reintubación dentro de las 72 hs posteriores a la extubación o más de un criterio de intubación. Durante el periodo de estudio 1438 pacientes fueron admitidos en UCI35. En el grupo BIPAP se randomizaron 53 pacientes, de los cuales se extubaron exitosamente 49 (92%), pero 4 se reintubaron debido a falla cardiaca. En el grupo CPAP se randomizaron 46 y fallaron en la extubación 18 (39%) debido a múltiples episodios de desaturación y apneas. De éstos, 11 requirieron reintubación endotraqueal y ARM. En 7 pacientes, se pasó a modo BIPAP y permanecieron extubados, aunque el cruzamiento no fue parte del diseño de este estudio. En el destete de ARM de los pacientes post-quirúrgicos de cardiopatías congénitas, el uso de BIPAP fue más efectivo que CPAP. En esta última modalidad se presentaron mayor número de fracasos de VNI (AU)


The best strategy for early extubation and weaning from mechanical respiration (MV) with non-invasive ventilation (NIV) in post-surgical congenital heart defect patients has not been established yet. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of continuous positive airway pressure CPAP) vs bi-level positive airway pressure (BIPAP) in the elective extubation of these patients. A prospective study was conducted between June 1, 2008 and March 31, 2010. Patients that were candidates for elective extubation were randomized to CPAP or BIPAP. Data on demographics and surgical procedure, among others, were recorded. Failure of NIV was defined as the need for reintubation within 72 hours after extubation or more than one criterion for intubation. Over the study period, 1438 patients were admitted to ICU 35. Fifty-three patients were randomized to BIPAP, of whom 49 (92%) were successfully extubated; however, four were reintubated due to heart failure. Forty-six patients were randomized to CPAP. Extubation failed in 18 (39%) due to multiple episodes of desaturation and apneas. Eleven of 18 required endotracheal reintubation and mechanical ventilation. Seven patients were switched to BIPAP and remained extubated, although the switch was not part of the study design. In the weaning of post-surgical congenital heart defect patients from MV, BIPAP was more effective than CPAP. In the latter modality, the incidence of NIV failure was higher (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Ventilator Weaning/methods , Continuous Positive Airway Pressure/methods , Airway Extubation/methods , Noninvasive Ventilation/statistics & numerical data , Heart Defects, Congenital/surgery , Postoperative Period , Intensive Care Units, Pediatric , Prospective Studies
14.
Rev. bras. ter. intensiva ; 26(3): 263-268, Jul-Sep/2014. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-723288

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: O desmame da ventilação mecânica é acompanhado, na prática clínica em terapia intensiva, de concomitante mobilização precoce do paciente. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar o sucesso da extubação realizada com pacientes sentados em uma poltrona à extubação de pacientes na posição supina. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo, observacional e não randomizado em uma unidade de terapia intensiva de 23 leitos, que atende pacientes clínicos e cirúrgicos. O desfecho primário do estudo foi o sucesso da extubação, definido como a tolerância da remoção do tubo endotraqueal por, pelo menos, 48 horas. As diferenças entre os grupos do estudo foram avaliadas utilizando-se o teste t de Student e o qui quadrado. Resultados: Foram incluídos 91 pacientes no período compreendido entre dezembro de 2010 e junho de 2011. A população do estudo tinha uma média de idade de 71 anos ± 12 meses, escore APACHE II médio de 21±7,6 e duração média da ventilação mecânica de 2,6±2 dias. A extubação foi realizada em 33 pacientes enquanto permaneciam sentados em uma poltrona (36%) e 58 pacientes mantidos em posição supina (64%). Não houve diferenças significantes entre os grupos em termos de idade, escore médio APACHE II ou duração da ventilação mecânica. Foi observada uma taxa de sucesso da extubação similar entre os grupos sentado (82%) e em posição supina (85%), com p>0,05. Além disso, não se encontraram diferenças significantes entre os dois grupos em termos de disfunção respiratória pós-extubação, necessidade de traqueostomia, duração do desmame da ventilação mecânica, ou tempo de permanência ...


Objective: In clinical intensive care practice, weaning from mechanical ventilation is accompanied by concurrent early patient mobilization. The aim of this study was to compare the success of extubation performed with patients seated in an armchair compared to extubation with patients in a supine position. Methods: A retrospective study, observational and non-randomized was conducted in a mixed-gender, 23-bed intensive care unit. The primary study outcome was success of extubation, which was defined as the patient tolerating the removal of the endotracheal tube for at least 48 hours. The differences between the study groups were assessed using Student's t-test and chi-squared analysis. Results: Ninety-one patients were included from December 2010 and June 2011. The study population had a mean age of 71 years ± 12 months, a mean APACHE II score of 21±7.6, and a mean length of mechanical ventilation of 2.6±2 days. Extubation was performed in 33 patients who were seated in an armchair (36%) and in 58 patients in a supine position (64%). There were no significant differences in age, mean APACHE II score or length of mechanical ventilation between the two groups, and a similar extubation success rate was observed (82%, seated group versus 85%, supine group, p>0.05). Furthermore, no significant differences were found between the two groups in terms of post-extubation distress, need for tracheostomy, duration of mechanical ventilation weaning, or intensive care unit stay. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the clinical outcomes of patients extubated in a seated position are similar to those of patients extubated in a supine position. This new practice of seated extubation was not associated with adverse events and allowed extubation to occur simultaneously with early mobilization. .


Subject(s)
Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Airway Extubation/methods , Critical Care/methods , Posture/physiology , Ventilator Weaning/methods , Feasibility Studies , Intensive Care Units , Respiration, Artificial , Retrospective Studies , Time Factors
15.
Anon.
J. bras. pneumol ; 40(4): 327-363, Jul-Aug/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-721456

ABSTRACT

Perspectives on invasive and noninvasive ventilatory support for critically ill patients are evolving, as much evidence indicates that ventilation may have positive effects on patient survival and the quality of the care provided in intensive care units in Brazil. For those reasons, the Brazilian Association of Intensive Care Medicine (Associação de Medicina Intensiva Brasileira - AMIB) and the Brazilian Thoracic Society (Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisiologia - SBPT), represented by the Mechanical Ventilation Committee and the Commission of Intensive Therapy, respectively, decided to review the literature and draft recommendations for mechanical ventilation with the goal of creating a document for bedside guidance as to the best practices on mechanical ventilation available to their members. The document was based on the available evidence regarding 29 subtopics selected as the most relevant for the subject of interest. The project was developed in several stages, during which the selected topics were distributed among experts recommended by both societies with recent publications on the subject of interest and/or significant teaching and research activity in the field of mechanical ventilation in Brazil. The experts were divided into pairs that were charged with performing a thorough review of the international literature on each topic. All the experts met at the Forum on Mechanical Ventilation, which was held at the headquarters of AMIB in São Paulo on August 3 and 4, 2013, to collaboratively draft the final text corresponding to each sub-topic, which was presented to, appraised, discussed and approved in a plenary session that included all 58 participants and aimed to create the final document.


O suporte ventilatório artificial invasivo e não invasivo ao paciente crítico tem evoluído e inúmeras evidências têm surgido, podendo ter impacto na melhora da sobrevida e da qualidade do atendimento oferecido nas unidades de terapia intensiva no Brasil. Isto posto, a Associação de Medicina Intensiva Brasileira (AMIB) e a Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisiologia (SBPT) - representadas pelo seus Comitê de Ventilação Mecânica e Comissão de Terapia Intensiva, respectivamente, decidiram revisar a literatura e preparar recomendações sobre ventilação mecânica objetivando oferecer aos associados um documento orientador das melhores práticas da ventilação mecânica na beira do leito, baseado nas evidencias existentes, sobre os 29 subtemas selecionados como mais relevantes no assunto. O projeto envolveu etapas visando distribuir os subtemas relevantes ao assunto entre experts indicados por ambas as sociedades que tivessem publicações recentes no assunto e/ou atividades relevantes em ensino e pesquisa no Brasil na área de ventilação mecânica. Esses profissionais, divididos por subtemas em duplas, responsabilizaram-se por fazer revisão extensa da literatura mundial sobre cada subtema. Reuniram-se todos no Forum de Ventilação Mecânica na sede da AMIB em São Paulo, em 03 e 04 de agosto de 2013 para finalização conjunta do texto de cada subtema e apresentação, apreciação, discussão e aprovação em plenária pelos 58 participantes, permitindo a elaboração de um documento final.


Subject(s)
Humans , Evidence-Based Medicine , Respiratory Insufficiency/therapy , Ventilator Weaning , Brazil , Ventilator Weaning/methods
16.
Rev. bras. ter. intensiva ; 26(2): 137-142, Apr-Jun/2014. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-714822

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: El destete temprano de la ventilación mecánica es uno de los objetivos primordiales en el manejo del paciente crítico. Existen diversas técnicas y parámetros de medida para realizarlo. El objetivo de esta investigación fue describir las prácticas del destete ventilatorio en unidades de cuidado intensivo adulto en la ciudad de Cali. Métodos: Una encuesta de 32 preguntas; algunas de múltiple escogencia, que evaluaron las prácticas del destete, fue distribuida entre los fisioterapeutas y terapeutas respiratorios que trabajaban en unidades de cuidado intensivo, para ser respondida de forma anónima. Resultados: La estrategia más frecuente para el registro de parámetros fue la combinación de presión positiva continua con presión de soporte (78%), con gran variabilidad en los niveles de presión, siendo el rango más frecuente de 6 a 8cmH2O. Los parámetros de destete más registrados fueron: el volumen corriente (92,6%), la frecuencia respiratoria (93,3%) y la saturación de oxígeno (90,4%). El tiempo de espera más frecuente para el registro de los parámetros fue >15 minutos (40%). Las medidas se realizaron preferentemente con el display del ventilador. Conclusion: Existe una gran variabilidad sobre los métodos y la medición de los parámetros de destete ventilatorio. El método más utilizado fue presión positiva continua en la vía aérea más presión de soporte y los parámetros de destete más usados fueron la medición del volumen corriente y la frecuencia respiratoria. .


Objective: Early weaning from mechanical ventilation is one of the primary goals in managing critically ill patients. There are various techniques and measurement parameters for such weaning. The objective of this study was to describe the practices of ventilatory weaning in adult intensive care units in the city of Cali. Methods: A survey of 32 questions (some multiple choice) evaluating weaning practices was distributed to physiotherapists and respiratory therapists working in intensive care units, to be answered anonymously. Results: The most common strategy for the parameter set was the combination of continuous positive airway pressure with pressure support (78%), with a large variability in pressure levels, the most common range being 6 to 8cmH2O. The most common weaning parameters were as follows: tidal volume (92.6%), respiratory rate (93.3%) and oxygen saturation (90.4%). The most common waiting time for registration of the parameters was >15 minutes (40%). The measurements were preferably obtained from the ventilator display. Conclusion: The methods and measurement parameters of ventilatory weaning vary greatly. The most commonly used method was continuous positive airway pressure with more pressure support and the most commonly used weaning parameters were the measured tidal volume and respiratory rate. .


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Continuous Positive Airway Pressure/methods , Intensive Care Units/statistics & numerical data , Respiration, Artificial/methods , Ventilator Weaning/methods , Colombia , Critical Illness , Cross-Sectional Studies , Health Care Surveys , Respiratory Rate/physiology , Tidal Volume/physiology
17.
Rev. bras. cir. cardiovasc ; 28(4): 455-461, out.-dez. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-703112

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To compare pressure-support ventilation with spontaneous breathing through a T-tube for interrupting invasive mechanical ventilation in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. METHODS: Adults of both genders were randomly allocated to 30 minutes of either pressure-support ventilation or spontaneous ventilation with "T-tube" before extubation. Manovacuometry, ventilometry and clinical evaluation were performed before the operation, immediately before and after extubation, 1h and 12h after extubation. RESULTS: Twenty-eight patients were studied. There were no deaths or pulmonary complications. The mean aortic clamping time in the pressure support ventilation group was 62 ± 35 minutes and 68 ± 36 minutes in the T-tube group (P=0.651). The mean cardiopulmonary bypass duration in the pressure-support ventilation group was 89 ± 44 minutes and 82 ± 42 minutes in the T-tube group (P=0.75). The mean Tobin index in the pressure support ventilation group was 51 ± 25 and 64.5 ± 23 in the T-tube group (P=0.153). The duration of intensive care unit stay for the pressure support ventilation group was 2.1 ± 0.36 days and 2.3 ± 0.61 days in the T-tube group (P=0.581). The atelectasis score in the T-tube group was 0.6 ± 0.8 and 0.5 ± 0.6 (P=0.979) in the pressure support ventilation group. The study groups did not differ significantly in manovacuometric and ventilometric parameters and hospital evolution. CONCLUSION: The two trial methods evaluated for interruption of mechanical ventilation did not affect the postoperative course of patients who underwent cardiac operations with cardiopulmonary bypass.


OBJETIVO: Comparar a pressão de suporte ventilatório com a respiração espontânea em "Tubo-T" para interrupção da ventilação invasiva em pacientes submetidos à operação cardíaca. MÉTODOS: Adultos de ambos os sexos foram alocados para pressão de suporte ventilatório por 30 minutos ou o mesmo período de ventilação espontânea com "Tubo-T" antes da extubação. Realizou-se manovacuometria, ventilometria e avaliação clínica antes da operação, imediatamente antes e após a extubação, 1h e 12h após extubação. RESULTADOS: Vinte e oito pacientes foram estudados. Não ocorreram mortes ou complicações respiratórias. O tempo de pinçamento da aorta no grupo suporte ventilatório foi 62 ± 35 minutos e de 68 ± 36 minutos para o "Tubo-T" (P=0,651). O tempo de CEC no grupo suporte ventilatório foi 89 ± 44 minutos e para o "Tubo-T" de 82 ± 42 minutos (P=0,75). O índice de Tobin para o grupo suporte ventilatório foi 51 ± 25 e para o grupo "Tubo-T", 64,5 ± 23 (P=0,153). O tempo na unidade de terapia intensiva para o grupo suporte ventilatório foi 2,1 ± 0,36 dias e para o grupo "Tubo-T", 2,3±0,61 dias (P=0,581). O escore de atelectasia para o grupo "Tubo-T" foi 0,6 ± 0,8 e para o suporte ventilatório foi 0,5 ± 0,6 (P=0,979). Não houve diferença significativa na evolução clínica e nos valores de gasometria, manovacuometria e ventilometria entre ambos os grupos. CONCLUSÃO: O método utilizado para testar a adequação da interrupção da ventilação mecânica invasiva não afetou a evolução pós-operatória dos pacientes submetidos a operações cardíacas com circulação extracorpórea.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Cardiac Surgical Procedures/methods , Cardiopulmonary Bypass/methods , Positive-Pressure Respiration/methods , Ventilator Weaning/methods , Analysis of Variance , Intubation, Intratracheal/methods , Postoperative Period , Respiratory Function Tests , Respiratory Rate/physiology , Statistics, Nonparametric , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome , Work of Breathing/physiology
18.
Fisioter. pesqui ; 20(2): 104-110, abr.-jun. 2013. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-683198

ABSTRACT

O estado de má nutrição está ligado com a perda de massa muscular que, por sua vez, pode ser ­responsável pelo mal prognóstico de pacientes internados em unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI). A relação entre câncer e estado nutricional tem sido amplamente estudada. No entanto, a relação entre estado nutricional e tempo de permanência em ventilação mecânica ­invasiva (VMI) em pacientes oncológicos ainda não está ­totalmente esclarecida. O objetivo do estudo foi verificar a relação do estado nutricional dos pacientes oncológicos em UTI com o tempo de permanência em VMI. Participaram do estudo 57 pacientes que estiveram internados na UTI do Hospital Erasto Gaertner e necessitaram de suporte ventilatório ­invasivo por no mínimo 48 horas. Foram coletados dados referentes ao gênero, à idade, ao índice de massa corporal (IMC), à localização topográfica do câncer, ao estádio clínico (EC) da doença, ao exame anatomopatológico (AP), ao tratamento realizado, ao ­motivo de internamento na UTI e ao APACHE II. O diagnóstico de desnutrição encontrado foi de 22,81%, 50,88% eram eutróficos, 14,04% tinham sobrepeso e 12,28% eram obesos. O escore de APACHE II obteve média de 26,4 pontos e taxa prevista de ­mortalidade de 60%. A média geral de tempo sob VMI foi de 11,2 dias. A correlação entre índice de massa corporal e tempo de permanência sob VMI foi de r=0,076 e p=0,575. Concluímos que a maior parte dos pacientes possui classificação nutricional de eutrofia e tempo de permanência sob VMI elevado. Ainda, o estado nutricional avaliado isoladamente não está relacionado com o tempo de permanência em VMI...


Bad nutrition is related with the loss of ­muscle mass, which, in turn, may be responsible for the poor prognosis of patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). The ­relationship between nutritional status and cancer has been widely studied. However, the relationship between nutritional status and time spent under ­invasive ­mechanical ventilation (IMV) in cancer patients is not yet fully understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the nutritional status in cancer patients in the ICU and their time of permanence under IMV. Fifty seven patients admitted to Hospital Erasto ­Gaertner's ICU on invasive ventilatory support for at least 48 hours were included in this study. Patient data were collected regarding gender, age, body mass index (BMI), topographic location of the cancer, clinical stage of the disease, anatomopathological examination, treatment administered, reason for ICU admission, and APACHE II score. The nutritional diagnosis were malnutrition (22.81%), normal weight (50.88%), overweight (14.04%), and obese (12.28%). The APACHE II score average was 26.4 points and the expected rate of mortality was 60%. The average time on mechanical ventilation was 11.2 days. The ­correlation between body mass index and time on IMV was r=0.076 and p=0.575. We concluded that most cancer patients' nutritional classification was normal weight, and their time of permanence under IMV was high. Still, when analyzed in isolation, the nutritional status is not related to the time of permanence under IMV...


El estado de mal nutrición está ligado con la pérdida de masa muscular que, por su vez, puede ser responsable por el mal pronóstico de pacientes internados en la unidad de terapia intensiva (UTI). La relación entre cáncer y estado nutricional ha sido ampliamente estudiada. Sin embargo, la relación entre estado nutricional y tiempo de permanencia en ventilación mecánica invasiva (VMI) en pacientes oncológicos todavía no está totalmente esclarecida. El objetivo del estudio fue verificar la relación del estado nutricional de los pacientes oncológicos en la UTI con el tiempo de permanencia en VMI. Participaron del estudio, 57 pacientes que estuvieron internados en la UTI del Hospital Erasto Gaertner y que necesitaron de soporte ventilatorio invasivo por un mínimo de 48 horas. Fueron recolectados los datos referentes al género, edad, índice de masa corporal (IMC), localización topográfica del cáncer, estadio clínico (EC) de la enfermedad, examen anatomopatológico (AP), tratamiento realizado, motivo de internación en la UTI y APACHE II. El diagnóstico de mal nutrición encontrado fue de 22,81%; 50,88% eran eutróficos, 14,04% tenían sobrepeso y 12,28% eran obesos. El score de APACHE II obtuvo una media de 26,4 puntos y la tasa prevista de mortalidad de un 60%. La media general del tiempo de permanencia bajo VMI fue de r=0,076 y p=0,575. Concluimos que la mayor parte de los pacientes tuvo clasificación nutricional de eutrofia y tiempo de permanencia bajo VMI elevada. Además, el estado nutricional evaluado aisladamente no está relacionado con el tiempo de permanencia en VMI...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Young Adult , APACHE , Body Mass Index , Inpatients , Intensive Care Units , Neoplasms , Nutritional Status , Respiration, Artificial , Treatment Outcome , Ventilator Weaning/methods
19.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 63(1): 7-12, jan.-fev. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-666115

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVOS E JUSTIFICATIVAS: Não existe um preditor de desmame da ventilação mecânica (VM) ideal. Numa grande metanálise, apesar de limitações metodológicas, a frequência respiratória (FR) foi considerada um preditor promissor. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a FR como um preditor de falha de desmame da VM. MÉTODO: Avaliamos prospectivamente 166 pacientes destinados ao desmame da VM. A FR e outros parâmetros essenciais para desmame foram avaliados numa fase inicial de triagem. Os pacientes que apresentaram na triagem os parâmetros essenciais para desmame foram submetidos ao teste de respiração espontânea. A FR foi comparada com os desfechos: sucesso, falha de desmame ou falha de extubação. RESULTADOS: Sucesso de desmame em 76,5% e falha de desmame em 17,5% dos pacientes. Seis por cento de reintubações. O poder preditivo para falha de desmame da FR, melhor ponto de corte FR > 24 respirações por minuto (rpm), foi: sensibilidade de 100%, especificidade de 85% e acurácia de 88% (curva ROC, p < 0,0001). Dos pacientes com falha de desmame, 100% foram identificados pela FR na fase de triagem (corte FR > 24 rpm). Houve 15% de falsos positivos, sucessos de desmame com FR > 24 rpm. CONCLUSÃO: A FR foi um preditor eficiente de falha de desmame. Encontrou-se como melhor ponto de corte FR > 24 rpm, diferentemente daqueles referidos pela literatura (35 e 38 rpm). Apenas 6% dos pacientes foram reintubados e tanto a FR quanto os outros parâmetros para desmame não tiveram capacidade de identificá-los. © 2013 Sociedade Brasileira de Anestesiologia.


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: There is not an ideal predictor of weaning from mechanical ventilation (MV). In a large meta-analysis, despite methodological limitations, respiratory rate (RR) was considered a promising predictor. The aim of this study was to evaluate RR as a predictor of weaning failure from MV. METHODS: We prospectively evaluated 166 patients scheduled for weaning from MV. RR and other essential criteria for weaning were evaluated at an early stage of screening. Patients who met the essential screening criteria for weaning underwent spontaneous breathing trial. RR was compared with the following outcomes: weaning success/failure or extubation failure. RESULTS: Weaning success was present in 76.5% and weaning failure in 17.5% of patients. There were 6% of reintubations. The predictive power for RR weaning failure, RR best cut-off point > 24 breaths per minute (rpm), was: sensitivity 100%, specificity 85%, and accuracy 88% (ROC curve, p < 0.0001). Of the patients with weaning failure, 100% were identified by RR during screening (RR cut-off > 24 rpm). There were 15% false positives, weaning successes with RR > 24 rpm. CONCLUSION: RR was an effective predictor of weaning failure. The best cut-off point was RR > 24 rpm, which differed from those reported in the literature (35 and 38 rpm). Only 6% of patients were reintubated, but RR or other weaning criteria did not identify them.


OBJETIVOS Y JUSTIFICATIVAS: No existe un predictor de destete de la ventilación mecánica (VM) ideal. En un gran metaanálisis, y pese a las limitaciones metodológicas, la Frecuencia Respiratoria (FR) fue considerada como un predictor promisorio. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la FR como un predictor de fallo de destete de la VM. MÉTODO: Evaluamos prospectivamente 166 pacientes destinados al destete de la VM. La FR y otros parámetros esenciales para el destete se calcularon en una fase inicial de selección. Los pacientes que en la selección inicial tenían los parámetros esenciales para el destete, fueron sometidos al test de respiración espontánea. La FR se comparó con los resultados: éxito, fallo de destete o fallo de extubación. RESULTADOS: Se comprobó el éxito del destete en un 76,5% y el fallo del destete en un 17,5% de los pacientes. Hubo un seis por ciento de nuevas intubaciones. El poder predictivo para el fallo de destete de la FR, mejor punto de corte FR > 24 respiraciones por minuto (rpm) fue: sensibilidad del 100%, especificidad del 85% y exactitud del 88% (curva ROC, p < 0,0001). De los pacientes con fallo de destete, un 100% fueron identificados por la FR en la fase de selección (corte FR > 24 rpm). Hubo un 15% de falsos positivos, éxitos de destete con FR > 24 rpm. CONCLUSIONES: La FR fue un predictor eficiente de fallo de destete. Encontramos como mejor punto de corte FR > 24 rpm, a diferencia de aquellos referidos por la literatura (35 y 38 rpm). Solamente un 6% de los pacientes fueron reintubados y tanto la FR como los otros parámetros para el destete no tuvieron capacidad para identificarlos.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Respiratory Rate/physiology , Ventilator Weaning/methods , Critical Care , Prospective Studies , Respiration, Artificial , Treatment Failure
20.
J. bras. pneumol ; 38(5): 566-572, set.-out. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-656007

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Pacientes com lesão medular cervical alta em geral são dependentes de ventilação mecânica, que, embora salve vidas, está associada a complicações e redução da expectativa de vida devido a infecções respiratórias. A estimulação do diafragma por marca-passo, às vezes chamada de ventilação elétrica, induz a inspiração por estimulação dos músculos inspiratórios. Nosso objetivo foi destacar as indicações e alguns aspectos da técnica cirúrgica empregada no implante laparoscópico dos eletrodos, assim como descrever cinco casos de pacientes tetraplégicos submetidos à técnica. MÉTODOS: A seleção dos pacientes envolveu estudos de condução do nervo frênico por via transcutânea para determinar se os nervos estavam preservados. A abordagem cirúrgica foi laparoscopia clássica, com quatro trocartes. A técnica foi iniciada com o mapeamento elétrico para encontrar os "pontos motores" (pontos de contração máxima do diafragma). Se o mapeamento era bem-sucedido, dois eletrodos eram implantados na face abdominal de cada lado do diafragma para estimular ramos do nervo frênico. RESULTADOS: Dos cinco pacientes, três e um, respectivamente, eram capazes de respirar somente com o uso do marca-passo por períodos superiores a 24 e 6 h, enquanto um não era capaz. CONCLUSÕES: Embora seja necessário um acompanhamento mais longo para chegar a conclusões definitivas, os resultados iniciais são promissores, pois, no momento, a maioria dos nossos pacientes pode permanecer sem ventilação mecânica por longos períodos de tempo.


OBJECTIVE: Patients with high cervical spinal cord injury are usually dependent on mechanical ventilation support, which, albeit life saving, is associated with complications and decreased life expectancy because of respiratory infections. Diaphragm pacing stimulation (DPS), sometimes referred to as electric ventilation, induces inhalation by stimulating the inspiratory muscles. Our objective was to highlight the indications for and some aspects of the surgical technique employed in the laparoscopic insertion of the DPS electrodes, as well as to describe five cases of tetraplegic patients submitted to the technique. METHODS: Patient selection involved transcutaneous phrenic nerve studies in order to determine whether the phrenic nerves were preserved. The surgical approach was traditional laparoscopy, with four ports. The initial step was electrical mapping in order to locate the "motor points" (the points at which stimulation would cause maximal contraction of the diaphragm). If the diaphragm mapping was successful, four electrodes were implanted into the abdominal surface of the diaphragm, two on each side, to stimulate the branches of the phrenic nerve. RESULTS: Of the five patients, three could breathe using DPS alone for more than 24 h, one could do so for more than 6 h, and one could not do so at all. CONCLUSIONS: Although a longer follow-up period is needed in order to reach definitive conclusions, the initial results have been promising. At this writing, most of our patients have been able to remain ventilator-free for long periods of time.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Diaphragm/innervation , Electric Stimulation Therapy/methods , Respiratory Paralysis/therapy , Spinal Cord Injuries/complications , Implantable Neurostimulators , Respiratory Paralysis/etiology , Treatment Outcome , Ventilator Weaning/methods
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